{"id":249024,"date":"2023-02-15T20:50:58","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T20:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yellowcabtttours.pt\/?page_id=249024"},"modified":"2026-05-31T11:29:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T10:29:38","slug":"lisbon-city-tours-attractions-yellow-cab-tt-tours","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/yellowcabtttours.pt\/fr\/lisbon-city-tours-attractions-yellow-cab-tt-tours\/","title":{"rendered":"Lisbonne"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Lisbon, Portugal: History, Neighbourhoods & Private City Tours<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal. The municipality covers 100.05 km\u00b2 with a population of 575,739 (2024). The metropolitan area spans 18 municipalities with approximately 3,028,000 residents (2025). In 2024, Lisbon received 8.52 million visitors – 6.54 million international, 1.98 million domestic – generating \u20ac2.01 billion in direct tourism expenditure. The city was voted Europe’s leading city break destination, ahead of Paris, Athens, and Venice.\u00a0<\/p>

Lisbon is the second oldest European capital, after Athens. The city sits on the northern shore of the Tagus (Tejo) River estuary. The historic centre extends across several hills – the characteristic topography that shapes its neighbourhoods, viewpoints (miradouros), and the routes of its vintage tram lines.\u00a0<\/p>

Yellow Cab TT Tours has operated private tours from Lisbon since 2013, based at Avenida da Liberdade 129B, 1250-140 Lisboa. Our guides lead tours both within the city and on day trips to Sintra, F\u00e1tima, \u00c9vora, and 12 other destinations across Portugal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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A Brief History of Lisbon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The site of Lisbon has been continuously inhabited since at least the 8th century BC. Phoenician traders established an early settlement on the hilltop later occupied by the Castle of S\u00e3o Jorge. The Romans fortified the same hill in 48 BC and named the city Olisipo, making it the capital of the province of Lusitania.\u00a0<\/p>

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In 714 AD, Moorish forces from North Africa captured the city, establishing Moorish rule that lasted 433 years. The Moors expanded the hilltop fortifications and founded the neighbourhood now known as Alfama – whose name derives from the Arabic al-\u1e25amma (hot springs). The Castle of S\u00e3o Jorge reached its current form during this period, with construction ordered by the Islamic ruler Hisam II and supervised by the statesman Almanzor, based on archaeological evidence dating the fortification walls to approximately 985.\u00a0<\/p>

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On October 25, 1147, the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, captured Lisbon from the Moors in a military campaign supported by Crusader forces. The city became the Portuguese capital in 1255, under King Afonso III, when the royal court relocated from Coimbra to Lisbon.\u00a0<\/p>

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In the 15th and 16th centuries, Lisbon served as the principal European port for oceanic exploration. On July 8, 1497, Vasco da Gama departed Lisbon with a fleet of four ships and a crew of 170 men. The fleet reached Kozhikode (Calicut), on the southwest coast of India, on May 20, 1498 – the first direct sea route between Europe and India. The voyage covered approximately 24,000 miles over nearly two years; only 54 of the 170 crew members returned. The Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery in Bel\u00e9m, begun in 1502 and completed in 1601, was built directly opposite the point from which da Gama’s fleet departed, funded in part by the profits of the spice trade.\u00a0<\/p>

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On November 1, 1755, at approximately 09:40, an earthquake struck the Iberian Peninsula. Seismologists estimate the magnitude at between 7.7 and 9.0 on the moment magnitude scale, with the epicentre approximately 290 km southwest of Lisbon in the Atlantic Ocean. The earthquake, followed by fires and a tsunami, killed an estimated 30,000-40,000 people in Lisbon and destroyed the majority of the city’s historic buildings.\u00a0<\/p>

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The rebuilding was directed by Sebasti\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 de Carvalho e Melo, the 1st Marquis of Pombal. His plan replaced the ruined medieval quarter with a grid of wider streets and matching stone-fronted buildings using a technique known as the gaiola pombalina (Pombaline cage) – a flexible timber framework embedded in the masonry, designed to absorb seismic movement. The rebuilt Baixa (Lower City) is considered the world’s first planned earthquake-resistant urban district. Pra\u00e7a do Com\u00e9rcio (Commerce Square), opened after the reconstruction on the site of the former Ribeira Palace, faces the Tagus River and remains the city’s principal ceremonial square.<\/p>

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Lisbon's Neighbourhoods<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alfama<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alfama is the oldest neighbourhood in Lisbon, occupying the slopes between the Castle of S\u00e3o Jorge and the Tagus River. It was established in the 8th century during Moorish rule and is the only major area of the city to survive the 1755 earthquake largely intact – its solid rock foundations reduced the impact of the seismic shockwaves, and its elevation protected it from the subsequent tsunami.\u00a0<\/p>

As a result, Alfama’s streets still follow the original Moorish layout: narrow lanes, stairways, and terraces that have not substantially changed since the 12th century. Alfama is also the neighbourhood where fado – Portugal’s national genre of music, characterised by themes of longing and fate – first developed in the 19th century, in the taverns and sailors’ houses of the waterfront quarter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Bel\u00e9m<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bel\u00e9m is a riverside parish located approximately 6 km west of the city centre, on the northern bank of the Tagus. It is the point from which Portugal’s Age of Discovery expeditions departed in the 15th and 16th centuries. The neighbourhood contains two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Tower of Bel\u00e9m (1514\u20131520) and the Monastery of the Hieronymites (1502\u20131601), designated together in 1983.\u00a0<\/p>

Bel\u00e9m also contains the Monument to the Discoveries (Padr\u00e3o dos Descobrimentos), erected in 1960 on the bank of the Tagus to mark the 500th anniversary of the death of Prince Henry the Navigator. The F\u00e1brica de Past\u00e9is de Bel\u00e9m, which has produced the original past\u00e9is de nata (custard tarts) from the monastery’s historic recipe since 1837, is located at Rua de Bel\u00e9m 84\u201392, a 5-minute walk from the Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Baixa & Chiado<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Baixa (Lower City) is the flat, grid-planned commercial district built after the 1755 earthquake under the direction of the Marquis of Pombal. Its uniform stone-fronted buildings with decorative tile fa\u00e7ades and straight intersecting streets represent the first planned seismic-resistant urban district in the world. Pra\u00e7a do Com\u00e9rcio, the district’s southern square, opens directly onto the Tagus River and was the site of the Ribeira Palace until the 1755 earthquake.\u00a0<\/p>

The Arco da Rua Augusta, a triumphal arch at the northern end of Pra\u00e7a do Com\u00e9rcio, was completed in 1875 and marks the entrance to the Baixa pedestrian shopping street. The adjacent Chiado district, on the hillside above the Baixa, developed as the city’s literary and intellectual quarter in the 19th century and remains known for its independent bookshops, caf\u00e9s, and the works of poet Fernando Pessoa (1888\u20131935).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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What to Visit in Lisbon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u00e3o Jorge Castle (Castelo de S\u00e3o Jorge)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Castle of S\u00e3o Jorge occupies the highest hilltop in the historic centre of Lisbon, with a first fortification established by the Romans in 48 BC. The current stone structures date from the Moorish period (9th\u201310th century), when the walls and towers were built on the orders of the Islamic ruler Hisam II, with construction evidence from approximately 985. Afonso Henriques captured the castle in 1147 and it served as the royal residence of the Portuguese kings from the 13th to the early 16th century, when the court relocated to the Ribeira Palace. The 1755 earthquake damaged parts of the structure, which underwent major restoration in the 20th century.\u00a0<\/p>

The castle occupies an area of approximately 4.4 hectares and contains the Ulysses Tower – the oldest standing tower in Lisbon – as well as a medieval residential quarter (the Barrio de Castelo) within the outer walls.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Bel\u00e9m Tower (Torre de Bel\u00e9m)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Bel\u00e9m Tower was built between 1514 and 1520 on the northern bank of the Tagus River to serve as a fortified gateway to Lisbon’s harbour. It was designed by military architect Francisco de Arruda. The tower is a prime example of the Portuguese Manueline architectural style – a Portuguese variant of Late Gothic that incorporates maritime and navigational motifs including armillary spheres, ropes, and crosses of the Order of Christ.\u00a0<\/p>

The tower is four storeys high with a bastion at water level and a cylindrical watchtower rising 30 metres above. Along with the Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Monastery of the Hieronymites (Mosteiro dos Jer\u00f3nimos)a<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Construction of the Monastery of the Hieronymites (Mosteiro dos Jer\u00f3nimos) began in 1502, under King Manuel I, on the site of a chapel built by Prince Henry the Navigator in the early 15th century. The monastery was completed in 1601. It was funded in large part by the profits of Portugal’s spice trade with India and was built to commemorate Vasco da Gama’s 1498 sea voyage.\u00a0<\/p>

The monastery was designed in the Manueline style, primarily by Jo\u00e3o de Castilho from 1517 onward. The south portal – the principal entrance – is considered one of the most elaborate examples of Manueline carving in existence. The cloisters are two-storey, measuring approximately 55 \u00d7 55 metres. The church contains the tomb of Vasco da Gama (moved from India in 1898) and the tomb of poet Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es. Designated UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Tram 28 (El\u00e9ctrico 28)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tram 28 has run through the streets of central Lisbon since 1914. The route connects Martim Moniz in the east with Prazeres cemetery in the west, passing through the Alfama, Gra\u00e7a, Baixa, Chiado, and Estrela districts. The full route takes 45-50 minutes depending on traffic. The tram carries approximately 4.5 million passengers per year.\u00a0<\/p>

The current carriages are the Remodelado class, produced in the 1930s and subsequently upgraded with modern brakes and electrical systems while retaining their original polished wood interiors and yellow paintwork. Tram 28 is the only public transport line serving the Alfama and Gra\u00e7a districts due to the route’s narrow streets, tight corners, and steep gradients that are unsuitable for modern tram stock.\u00a0<\/p>

Practical note: the tram is heavily used by tourists and is a known target for pickpockets. Hold bags on your lap and keep personal items secured. Tickets can be purchased from the driver or via the Carris mobile app.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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Past\u00e9is de Bel\u00e9m<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The F\u00e1brica de Past\u00e9is de Bel\u00e9m, located at Rua de Bel\u00e9m 84\u201392, has operated continuously since 1837. The original recipe was developed by monks of the Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery and sold at a nearby sugar refinery following the closure of Portugal’s religious houses in 1834, a result of the liberal revolution. The bakery is the only establishment legally permitted to use the name “Past\u00e9is de Bel\u00e9m” – all other variations sold across Portugal and worldwide are legally termed past\u00e9is de nata.\u00a0<\/p>

The recipe is classified as a trade secret. Past\u00e9is are produced on the premises throughout each day in a dedicated production kitchen. The bakery typically sells several thousand units daily and can accommodate queues of several hundred people during peak season.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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When to Visit Lisbon<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lisbon’s average annual temperature is approximately 17\u00b0C. The city has one of the warmest climates of any European capital, with an annual average of around 2,800 hours of sunshine.\u00a0<\/p>

Spring (March\u2013May): temperatures 14\u201322\u00b0C, low rainfall from April onward. This is considered the optimal period for visiting: comfortable walking weather, manageable crowds, and full operational hours at major attractions.\u00a0<\/p>

Summer (June\u2013September): temperatures 24\u201332\u00b0C, almost no rainfall. July and August are the busiest months. The USA market peaks in July\u2013August (US visitors accounted for 17.5% of international arrivals in 2024). Bel\u00e9m Tower, Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery, and S\u00e3o Jorge Castle can have queues of 30\u201390 minutes during these months. Book tickets in advance.\u00a0<\/p>

Autumn (October\u2013November): temperatures 16\u201324\u00b0C, increasing rainfall from November. October is still a viable month; visitor volumes are lower than July\u2013August by approximately 20\u201330%.\u00a0<\/p>

Winter (December\u2013February): temperatures 10\u201315\u00b0C, highest rainfall. Museums and indoor attractions are less crowded. Bel\u00e9m Tower exterior is often accessible without a queue. Christmas market in Pra\u00e7a do Com\u00e9rcio typically operates from late November to early January.\u00a0<\/p>

Local events that affect availability:\u00a0<\/p>